The Circumambulation of a Sacred Mountain

Walking a circle around Slide: a mountain named for its own downward motion.

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I think most mountains are sacred. Some more than others. Major and minor gods, the parts of earth heaved into the realm of the sky. Round these parts, there are 2 major gods: Mt. Rose and Peavine Peak. Walter von Tilburg Clark once wrote of them as a binary choice — Rose, the tall, beautiful figure rising from the verdant pine forests of the Sierra: graceful, a bit full of herself. Peavine the overlooked other: an imposing desert peak, a few steps into the rain shadow, more sage brush and open vistas.

But the peak these days that I summit with frequency is Slide Mountain. It’s a peak apparently so unremarkable to “bag” that I’ve never seen somebody else walk up it before.

Today, it stands 9,702 feet, which is impressive in many places, but shorter than it’s neighbors. The tall confident hottie Mt. Rose is just next door at 10,785 feet, rising from a capital W Wilderness that bears her name. And the other thing is that a foot bound summit of Slide is not much to brag about. There’s a maintenance road that goes right to the top, and though there’s a gate—so you do still have to walk—it’s just a couple miles, on what doubles as a ski run in the winter. Hell, if you pay $109 dollars (or $775 for the season), you could ride the chairlifts from the ski resort parking lots right up to the top.

Slide Mountain is also where the radio comes from. The maintenance road up its back spits you out at the feet of several towers, broadcasting AM, FM, TV, and all types of other waves presumably powered by electricity that they keep in these little windowless houses on the peak. The radio towers are minor gods in their own right, and so, I climb to the top a couple times a year to pay tribute. Slide is a mountain named for its own downward motion. On it’s southeast face, there is no southeast face. Or, it’s now part of the mountain’s shoulder and feet and water shed and the valley below. Because for a very long time, it’s been shedding massive land slides.

To walk a circle around a mountain, to circumambulate, is an ancient ritual practice, in both the east and west and I’d venture to speculate other directions as well. Folks of many religious persuasions have ways of doing it, sometimes around or between temples, sometimes encircling specific mountains, like the Kora of Mt Kailash in Tibet.

In the 1960s, poets Gary Snyder, Philip Whalen and Allen Ginsberg began annual circumambulations of Mt. Tamalpais in the SF bay area. Snyder learned the practice from Zen Bhuddists in Japan, and the three explained their walk as “opening of the mountain.”

Though there is at least one Tibetan group that calls for a counter-clockwise direction, most clearly denote the clockwise movement an important directional distinction, to avoid throwing order into chaos.

So as the sky illuminates to the East I head clockwise, down the mountain.

EAST

3.8 Miles • 6,169 elev • Down, down, descent.

When the fire sparked I was far away

It started at the bottom of the hill, a place you’ve heard before in the background of this show. A day’s walk from my house, and my desk. But the wind was characteristically blowing downhill, from west to east. No cause for serious alarm.

When I checked in the morning though, it had moved against the wind, up Slide mountain. The red line on the government map crept toward my spot, all my stuff. I checked over and over again as the fire continued it’s slow march, ticking off groves and forests I knew from walking trips into the valley, now presumably ashen.

I was gone, so I had my computer, a weeks worth of clothes, boots, everything I needed for immediate living, but everything else was now in the path of flame. The neighborhood was evacuated, meat rotted in the powered-down chest freezers, and we’d get occasional bursts of smokey updates from a couple of neighbors who refused the evacuation orders.

On the third day, Several houses had already burned in the valley, and the line was a half a mile from my front door, where it would surely run right over, up through throat forest. Thick dead wood and the late summer mules ears were dry as paper. That’s when the wind picked up.

Every night I would lay down to sleep and I’d see something else in the house that I’d lose if it burnt. At first it was just stuff. Speakers, mics, furniture, tools. I’d think of how to get a new social security card. But then, it was my grandpa’s jacket. My partner’s letters. Journals, signed books, projects, and the Wind archives. All the interviews I’ve ever done, and the third hard drive I’ve been meaning to load them on and store at another location, sitting empty in a drawer. And then of course the desk, the pathways, and meadows, the willows around the fountain of youth, the arborglyphs i knew by name, all of it.

On an evening announcement, the fire behavior analyst said we could see a many mile run that next day. They released a map that showed the woods surrounding our neighborhood going up before breakfast, before it shot something like 7 miles far to the north. Just a possibility — but still. The weather service issued the most severe of fire warnings — extreme winds and bone dry humidity. And the fire crews worked through the night, cutting lines by machine and hand, creating a gap to try and hold the fire in its boundaries.

That day I flew home. I got to the airport early so I could grab a window seat on the west side, and I could see where they were holding it, and the airplane was thrown around by the violent winds. I waited in the valley and fell asleep, distracting myself with Television not beamed from the top of Slide — those towers were all down. But I had seen this show before — fire lines overrun, huge flares of ember rise and sail into dry woods far downwind.

And then in the morning, I read the news.

The fire lines held through the night.

And the next morning, the same.

And then the wind died down

and that was that.

• •

It was as if I split off into the one alternate universe where the fire somehow stopped. Where not just my stuff, but my interviews, the aspen groves and the 80 year old carvings, the view from my living room, all lived. Blackened woods stood just a half mile from my house, bizarrely outlining my typical walking boundaries, but the places I knew best were untouched.. Today, I traverse, for the first time here, the land of the burnt. And then I exit into the sparred pines and continue.

SOUTH

5.5 Miles • 7,265 elev. • Who owns the land that’s landed on another’s land?

In the book Roughing It, Mark Twain once wrote of this spot on the mountain. In the story, a rancher named Dick Hyde rides furiously to reach the east coast attorney who’s just arrived to town. Hyde tells him that there’s been a landslide, and that his neighbor’s ranch, which is normally above his on the side of the mountain, has in fact slid downhill — and his house, barn, fences, everything — have landed squarely on top of his own. The owner of that plot, Tom Morgan, has decided he likes this spot better, and has posited that it’s his house, his fences, his dirt, so the land belongs to him, despite being located on top of Hyde’s property.

The east coast attorney, having just arrived in town, calms Hyde down saying this will be a cut and dry case, no reason to worry. So days later they go to trial with Nevada governor Roop overseeing the proceedings. The testimony is heated, they hear from dozens of witnesses, and finally the case rests. Roop begins his deliberation.

“Gentleman,” he says, “I feel the great responsibility that rests upon me this day. This is no ordinary case. On the contrary, it is plain that it is the most solemn and awful that ever man was called upon to decide. Gentlemen I have listened attentively to the evidence and have perceived that the weight of it, the overwhelming weight of it, is in favor of the plaintiff Hyde. I have listened also to the remarks of council, with high interest—and especially will I commend the masterly and irrefutable logic of the distinguished gentleman who represents the plaintiff.

But gentlemen, let us beware how we allow mere human testimony, human ingenuity in argument and human ideas of equity to influence us at a moment so solemn as this. Gentlemen, it ill becomes us, worms as we are, to meddle with the decrees of Heaven.

It is plain to me that Heaven in inscrutable wisdom, has seen fit to move this defendant’s ranch for a purpose. We are but creatures, and we must submit. If Heaven has chosen to favor the defendant Morgan in this marked and wonderful manner, and if Heaven dissatisfied with the position of the Morgan ranch upon the mountainside, has chosen to remove it to a position more eligible and more advantageous for its owner, it ill becomes us insects as we are, to question the legality of the act or inquire into the reasons that prompted it…

I warn you that this thing which has happened is a thing with which the sacrilegious hands and brains and tongues of men must not meddle. Gentlemen it is the verdict of this court that the plaintiff, Richard Hyde, has been deprived of his ranch by the visitation of God! And from this decision there is no appeal.”

Sometime later, after the attorney indignantly stormed from the court room, Governor Roop approached him with a realization. Hyde, he said, still owned the title to the ground below the Morgan ranch, so he had full right dig it out from under there and—

about two months later, the attorney’s realization that he had been the target of a grand joke bore itself, Twain wrote, through the solid adamant of his understanding.

Mark Twain was drawn to Nevada by the mining boom in Virginia city, next range over. That boom is what brought huge waves of European Americans to this part of the world, and as David Besley details in the book Crow’s Range, turned this landscape into something almost unrecognizable from it’s previous state. This place in particular, the whole mountain, was entirely deforested, the logs sent by flume across the valley to build the wooden, underground structures that held up the mines.

The Wasiw lived here for millennia and had a very different way of living with this land. They call this mountain Daw Matlashing Dala’ak.

The new ways of interacting with the world that were supplanted here by settlers were just as unrecognizable as the range without its old growth forests… Like a deforestation of an entire worldview.

WEST

8.3 Miles • 8,906 elev. • “Occupation”

Eventually the mining boom did end, but the other industry wrapped around this place was tourism. Lake Tahoe right down the hill, was carting in tourists since the late 1800s, then narrowly failed to become a National Park alongside Yosemite.. By the 1930s, downhill skiing became the new industry of note.

This rugged terrain that had been logged and picked over, was reborn as a constellation of ski resorts. There was a dirt road that ran up Slide but it was summer-time only, and so in the 1950’s they carved out a highway to get to the ski resorts from both directions. When they built it they called it the road to the sky, and it became a hotspot for celebrities, being halfway between Reno and Lake Tahoe. Slide Mountain, Mt. rose, Sky Tavern.

Down the road there were a few restaurants, bars and inns a casino all gone now, mostly in ruins with no trespassing signs hanging at tilt from temporary chainlink fencing. One was called the Christmas Tree, and they made steaks over Mountain Mahogany fires and they got in trouble for cheating in cards, then again for using weighted dice. Later, the owner kept a couple of lions in a cage out back.

In 1951 Frank Sinatra and Ava Gardner, who were having an affair, got into a fight after dinner at the Christmas Tree when Gardner got drunk and told him that she slept with a bullfighter in Spain. Being blitzed himself, Sinatra called her a whore and Gardner got in her car and drove all the way home to Los Angeles only to find out that Sinatra attempted suicide that night by swallowing a bottle of pills.

A lot of the stories about this place have a sort of cloud over ‘em. My friend Mark Maynard compared it to how Sedona Arizona is apparently some sort of nexus of positive universal energy, but inverted. Lots of deaths and fights, and failed ventures, lives and big ideas shucked off to the valley below.

•••

I know the tax assessors number for that house where the guy invited me in, and all the lots around it. I keep looking at the map, plus the maps of neighboring streets, wondering if one day I’ll get to buy a one of em. The future isn’t clear on that.

The big ski resort just bought another building nearby. They’ve been expanding, still the current industry in favor on the mountain. They bulldoze huge tracts of trees, use massive whirring engines to make snow in the winter, then flatten it all out and charge people to slide around on it. Seems like a profitable venture, as they’ve proposed building a ski bridge over the highway and eating up an aspen grove. I then look at valleys on the tax site further from the pavement, far from the coming lights and lifts and I write down the addresses of the people who own them.

On an episode of this program long ago I remember writing something like, “I don’t care to own it, I just want to live there.”

NORTH

13 Miles • 7,547 elev. • Yellow leaves // in the wind

It seems like most everything anyone builds on this mountain eventually slides. The old resorts in ruins, the rigged casino steakhouse, the tree-top winter-time house of prostitution. The golf course and luxury resort and gated community that thankfully got shot down in the 70s.

I think that’s the thing I keep returning to. It all slides off. Like the land itself is at odds with owning it.

Robert MacFarlane wrote about walking terrain as a way to map out ideas, and this whole thing, where to live, owning land, the current occupation and economic uses of the place, what it means to be here it’s all a path of thought I have in a big circle.

And then I touch my toe to the place on the pavement where I started, and I closed the loop on my circumambulation.

The Circumambulation of Slide Mountain, Nevada

• • •

Credits

Thank you to Michael P. Branch who read the Mark Twain passage (Highly recommend his book How to Cuss in Western) Mark Maynard, Eleanor Qull, and all of the folks who’ve helped support the show this year, there are too many to list.

MUSIC:

Two tracks from Haana Lee’s new album called Textures.

Emily Pratt, who makes music as Howls Road

Friend of the show Yclept Insan

and a few tracks from the Public Domain through Free Music Archive.

Further reading: The Way Around by Nicholas TrioloThe Old Ways by Robert MacfarlaneThe Living Mountain by Nan Sheperd

Thank you for being here, and keep listening.

Keywords: circumambulation, slide mountain, slide mountain nevada, slide mountain nevada trail, circumambulation nevada, circumambulation sierra nevada, Mt rose, peavine peak, the christmas tree nevada, tahoe, mark twain, walking in circles, robert macfarlane, circumnavigation hike, wasiw land, Mt rose ski resort, the wind, Fil corbitt

Year 6 • Prologue

I’ve been thinking about the radio towers.

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The ear to the radio, the radio to the towers, the towers to the microphone, the mic to the sound. Somewhere on the edge of the landscape that the algorithms can just barely reach, I keep a folder of sounds it could never understand. What does wind, or a wind harp, or an idea that can’t quite be explained; what does that sound like to an artificial ear? On Year 6 of The Wind, new sounds and archival work re-imagined.

Those Who Feast with the Mountain Lion

The story of a lithium mine in remote northern Nevada, and the two-spirit Paiute elder who fought to stop it.

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For full story, listen to audio above. The following text are excerpts from the episode.


Dean Barlese: “I've gone to the other place and seen it. It's very beautiful.”

The path flowed like water

from the one place, to the next

and Dean Barlese walked it.

Dean Barlese: “So I've gone three times, I guess, in my hospital stays. And I've seen my mom, my dad, my grandmas standing there waiting for me. I'm walking up this little trail with green grass and flowers, sagebrush all around. You can hear the birds singing.”

And then, another time

there was a group out there

a group of protestors crouching in the sagebrush.

They were away from camp now, several paces off the ribbon of a dirt road that cut from the paved highway to a new chainlink fence. Behind the group, a teepee stood tall against the ridge — sage was waist-high as far as you could see, down into the valley, rippling to the next range in the east, purple and soft blue in the distance. The Nevada sun filtered through the hushed green leaves to reveal to them on the desert floor below: a nest.

Dean Barlese: “You had small birds in there that were just hatched. And the mother was trying to protect them.”

And then the group was back at their protest camp.

This was before the police came.

Dean Barlese. Photo by Max Wilbert.

Dean Barlese: “It made us feel good to stop construction, desecration of that place, sacred land, sacred ancestors that are still out there. It made us feel good. And we knew the ancestors were with us, by the little whirlwinds that came up through the road they had built. We knew we weren't alone.”

Not far from these little whirlwinds rising from the newly cut mine road, about 160 years south, a man named Fredrick West Lander met with the Paiute War Chief Numaga.

In 1860 Numaga had successfully defended his people with an incredible feat of military strategy. He lured a large group of war-bound vigilantes and miners and settlers hellbent on racial bloodshed into a canyon on the Truckee River near its terminus in Pyramid Lake, just upstream from Dean’s house.

The settlers rushed confidently, guns drawn, right into an ambush, and the Paiute warriors appeared in mass on a sandy ridge, then many more silently closed ranks behind them in a crescent, pinning the storming, ragtag brigade against the icy current, their clothes still wet and heavy from several nights of late spring snow. Their plans to exterminate the tribe once and for all were shot to pieces as many of the invaders lay dead in the sand.

When the few battered survivors returned to their newly established cities, Virginia, Carson, they enlisted a cavalry from California, who returned in force but only managed a stalemate with the tribe. The Paiutes retreated from their home on the lake.

They roamed the desert for a long time, as the United States Government waged war on their way of life, and built an overland wagon route through their homeland.

Fredrick West Lander was in charge of ensuring the safety of the wagon route and set up the meeting with War Chief Numaga. As custom, they sat silently for hours before speaking, Numaga studying Lander’s face and intentions until sundown, then a pipe was passed around and the meeting began.

According to an account compiled by author Ferol Egan, the two men spoke of past fights, settled accounts, tried to agree on the truth of things to varying degrees of success. Lander, on behalf of industry leaders and the federal government, then asked the Paiutes for safe passage through their land, heading toward the mining towns in western Nevada and over the great mountains to California.

“You have have big horn sheep and antelope ranges that the whites do not want.” Lander said, “You have lakes full of fish that the whites do not want.”

•••

A decade later, Numaga was dead of disease and a fort was built in those unwanted antelope ranges, and the Snake War unfolded as the Paiutes and Shoshone and Bannock wondered the steppes in retreat, and the military approached a camp at dawn and shot through the tent walls, killing everybody, entire families. And only 3 children survived.

Photo by Max Wilbert

A battery has 2 main polar parts: the cathode, the anode. Between them is a separator and a sort of fluid called an electrolyte. Lithium is a lightweight element that can be used in both the cathode and electrolyte solution. Basically, it holds a charge, and it can be reused over and over again. When the battery degrades, the lithium can be removed and reused without limit for the most part, assuming somebody is incentivized or required to recycle it.

There are other minerals that can do this too—hold a charge—sodium, magnesium, aluminum, vanadium…but lithium is lightweight, and already standard so momentum makes it the current mineral of choice. It’s also abundant. There are big deposits in Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, China, Arkansas, Pennsylvania, California…Here, the mine plans to use a water-intensive hydraulic mining process that will remove lithium-rich clay from the earth, then more water to process it into commercial grate lithium-carbonate.

Nevada is the driest state in the US, and the protesters and at least one nearby rancher believe that adding an industrial scale water user will decimate the meager water supply that is here.

This landscape has long been marked on the government maps as wasteland. Gold, silver, nuclear testing, data centers; the things they don’t want end up here, and the things they do want, flow out in big trucks.

And so the protesters stood in the road.

“We've always been here… Being two-spirited, or in our Paiute language, we say mu ka kwee tuhu uno a takadu (spelled phonetically)—Those who feast with the mountain lion. That is an ancient term for who we are, what we are, and in our old ways, we were created along with man and woman…a combination of both male and female. And we were the teachers, healers, caretakers of the knowledge, traditions that were passed on, stories…”

“We deal a lot, even in the old days, we had a lot to do with getting people ready for burial, dressing them up, wrapping them, doing the final prayers. So even today, once in a while, somebody asks me to come in and go into the mortuaries and dress the bodies, get them ready for burial…In the old days, we'd wrap the people up, take them out to burial. It's sad, but it's also a strong thing to do—to help people on their journey.“

Two Aeolian Harps used in this episode: Snake of Truth Wind Harp by Eleanor Qull and Obsidian Sky Wind Harp by Fil Corbitt + Mike Corbitt.


Thank you to Dean Barlese for trusting me with this story. Also a big thank you to BC Zahn Nahtzu (a co-defendant in the case, BC has an Etsy store here), Max Wilbert (a co-defendent who provided pictures), Olive Greenspan, Tara Tran, Ray Pang, Kate Cowie-Haskell, Taylor Wilson for talking to me about the chemical properties of Lithium and Daniel Rothberg for speaking about mining’s effect Great Basin water tables. Daniel has a newsletter called Western Water Notes which I highly recommend if you’re interested in that sort of thing. Also a shout out to the podcast Boomtown; a Uranium Story by Alec Cowan. Some of the books for this piece:

Sand in a Whirlwind by Ferol Egan

Legends of the Northern Paiute by Wewa and Gardner

Carpentaria by Alexis Wright

1491 by Charles C. Mann

Explusions by Saskia Sassen

Crow’s Range by David Beesley

Music from the Free Music Archive and Yclept Insan

Tags, Topics and Mentions: Peehee Mu'huh, Thacker Pass, Thacker Pass Lithium Mine, Ox Sam Camp, Ox Sam, Protect Thacker Pass, People of Red Mountain, Snake War, Fort Mcdermitt, Nevada, Lithium, Lithium Mining, Protest against lithium mine, Dean Barlese, Pyramid Lake Paiute Reservation, Numaga, Pyramid Lake, Sand in a Whirlwind, Mountain Lion Harrah's Casino in Reno, Sagebrush, Mining, Lithium Carbonate, Winnemucca